The history of Ilford Multigrade photographic paper is closely tied to the evolution of black-and-white photographic printing technology. Here’s a brief overview of its history:
Early Photographic Paper
In the early days of photography, photographic prints were made on single-grade papers, meaning that each type of paper had a fixed contrast level. Photographers had to choose a specific paper grade based on the contrast they desired for a particular image. This lack of flexibility was a limitation in the darkroom.
Introduction of Variable Contrast Papers
The concept of variable contrast papers, which could produce a range of contrast grades from a single type of paper, was introduced in the mid-20th century. Kodak was one of the pioneers in this area with their Kodak Polycontrast (Polycontrast RC) papers. These papers allowed photographers to change the contrast of their prints by using different contrast control filters or settings in the enlarger.
Ilford Multigrade
Ilford Photo, a British company with a long history in the photographic industry, introduced Ilford Multigrade in the early 1970s. Ilford’s Multigrade system became one of the most popular and widely used variable contrast paper systems in the world. It offered photographers the flexibility to fine-tune the contrast of their prints with a series of Multigrade filters that could be used in the enlarger.
Evolution of Multigrade Papers
Over the years, Ilford continued to refine its Multigrade technology, releasing various versions and improvements of the paper. Multigrade papers were available in both fiber-based (FB) and resin-coated (RC) versions, catering to the preferences of darkroom photographers. The Multigrade system became a standard in many darkrooms and photography schools.
Digital Photography Era
With the rise of digital photography, traditional darkroom techniques and products like Multigrade paper saw a decline in use. However, there is still a dedicated community of photographers who continue to work with analog processes, appreciating the creative control and unique aesthetics that traditional darkroom printing offers.
Today, while the use of traditional darkroom techniques has become less common, Ilford Multigrade and similar variable contrast papers remain available for those who appreciate the art and craft of black-and-white photography. They continue to play a significant role in preserving and promoting the traditions of analog photography.
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