Growing Dangers and Repression of Climate Activism Globally
A landmark study from the University of Bristol has brought to light the escalating risks faced by climate and environmental activists worldwide. The report uncovers a disturbing global trend of increasing repression and criminalization of protests, with over 2,000 protesters killed in the past 12 years and a surge in new anti-protest legislation. As the climate crisis worsens, so too does the backlash against those demanding action.
A Global Crackdown on Protesters
The research reveals that governments across the globe, including both liberal democracies and autocracies, are implementing measures to suppress dissent.
Dr. Oscar Berglund, the study’s lead author, highlights the severity of this trend: “Our evidence clearly shows a global crackdown in liberal democracies as well as autocracies. This is worrying because it focuses state policy on punishing dissent against inaction on climate and environmental change instead of taking adequate action on these issues.”
In some countries, the suppression of climate activism has taken an increasingly authoritarian turn. Anti-protest laws, stricter penalties, and increased police powers are becoming commonplace. This growing repression not only threatens individual freedoms but also undermines the principles of vibrant civil societies.
The Rising Toll of Arrests and Imprisonment
Australia and UK stand out as global leaders in arresting climate activists. Australian authorities arrest one in five protesters, while 17% of climate and environmental protests in the UK result in arrests.
This rate is significantly higher than the global average of 6.7%.
In many cases, peaceful activists face harsh prison sentences. In the UK, some protesters have been sentenced to up to five years in prison.
These punishments aim to deter future activism, reflecting a broader strategy of criminalizing dissent.
A Deadly Fight for the Planet
For many activists, the consequences of their advocacy are far graver than arrest or imprisonment.
Between 2012 and 2023, Global Witness documented at least 2,106 killings of climate and environmental protesters.
Brazil tops the list, with 401 fatalities, followed by the Philippines with 298. India and Peru also report significant numbers, with 86 and 58 deaths, respectively.
Disappearances, threats, and violent intimidation are all too common, often carried out or permitted by state authorities. Dr. Berglund describes these measures as an extension of policing, aimed at silencing dissent through fear and violence.
The Criminalization of Protest
The study identifies a pattern of using existing laws to target activists. Anti-terrorism and anti-organized crime legislation are frequently employed to prosecute protesters, with courts often restricting discussion of environmental or climate issues during trials. This depoliticization increases the likelihood of convictions and reduces public sympathy for activists.
Policing strategies also play a significant role in suppressing protests. Tactics such as stop-and-search operations, preemptive arrests, and physical violence are regularly employed to discourage participation. In some regions, private security firms and organized crime groups join state actors in targeting activists.
Recommendations for Protecting Protesters
The report calls for urgent reforms to safeguard the rights of activists. Governments and institutions must prioritize human rights in their responses to protests. Regular evaluations and transparent reporting on how public authorities protect freedom of assembly are essential.
Dr. Berglund emphasizes the importance of ending the misuse of anti-terrorism laws against protesters. He calls for a policing approach rooted in human rights frameworks to ensure individuals can exercise their right to dissent without fear of violence or repression.
We have a report out today on Criminalisation & Repression of Climate & Environmental Protest 1/10 @uob-policystudies.bsky.social
— Oscar Berglund (@berglundoscar.bsky.social) December 11, 2024 at 11:36 AM
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The Urgency of Action
As climate protests become more frequent, driven by the worsening climate crisis, the response from authorities is evolving at an alarming pace. This report is a critical call to action for governments, legal systems, and the public to address the erosion of fundamental freedoms.
Dr. Berglund concludes, “Further research is needed to better understand the situation so suitable measures can be identified and implemented to protect human rights and keep protesters safe.”
The findings from the University of Bristol are not just a warning about the risks activists face; they are also a stark reminder of the need to protect the democratic principles that underpin the right to protest. Protecting the planet must not come at the cost of human lives or the silencing of voices calling for urgent action.
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